POWERGRID.NS

Of every 100 units of revenue, this much survives as profit.

Margins this wide usually mean real pricing power or a moat.

Profit from operations, before interest and tax, per 100 of revenue.

Typical of software and other businesses with little cost per extra sale.

What is left of revenue after only the direct cost of the product.

Little marginal cost per sale, which is what lets software and pharma fund heavy R&D.

Borrowings measured against shareholder capital.

Debt magnifies both good years and bad, and raises the stakes when rates rise.

Change in revenue against the same period last year.

Growing slower than a typical economy — the business is mature or under pressure.

Change in earnings against the same period last year.

Profit is declining even if revenue is not.

The share of earnings paid out as dividends.

Most of the profit goes out of the door, leaving less to reinvest.

Return earned per unit of risk taken.

Below 1 is the common case; return did not strongly outpace the volatility.

The share of trading days that closed higher.

Close to a coin flip, which is the norm — returns come from the size of moves, not their count.

You pay 13.04 for every 1 unit of annual earnings.

Roughly the long-run market average band.

Price against next year's *forecast* earnings.

The market expects little growth, or doubts the forecast.

Price against the accounting value of the company's net assets.

A typical range for an established company.

Price against revenue — usable when a company has no profit yet.

The price assumes today's revenue will convert into much more profit later.

Whole-company value, debt included, against cash earnings.

A conventional range.

Annual dividend as a percentage of the share price.

A substantial part of the total return arrives as income.

A 0–100 momentum gauge over the last 14 sessions.

The middle band, where most trading days sit.

How far the price typically swings over a year.

A typical range for an individual share.

How much the price moves relative to the wider market.

Tends to move less than the index, in both directions.

The worst peak-to-trough fall in the period measured.

A serious decline, though not unusual over a multi-year window.

How far the mean analyst target sits above today's price.

Analysts see real room above today's price.